Particle Size & Application:

• Particle Size: 1–100 nm diameter

• Application in Cementitious Systems:

• • Enhances tensile strength and ductility of concrete.

  • Improves crack resistance and self-healing properties.

Processing Method:

• Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD):

  • Hydrocarbon gases (e.g., methane) are broken down at high temperatures (~800°C).

  • Carbon atoms deposit onto a metal catalyst, forming nano-scale cylindrical tubes.

Benefits in Cementitious Systems:

✔ Improves tensile strength and ductility, acting as nano-reinforcement.
✔ Enhances electrical conductivity, making self-sensing concrete possible.
✔ Reduces cracking and shrinkage through nano-bridging effects.